Gauge couplings are a fundamental aspect of particle physics that describe the strength of interactions between particles that are mediated by gauge bosons. In the context of the Standard Model of particle physics, gauge couplings determine the strength of the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions between elementary particles. The gauge couplings are quantified by coupling constants, which are dimensionless parameters that govern the strength of the interactions. These coupling constants are essential for predicting the behavior of particles in particle accelerators and other high-energy experiments. Studying gauge couplings helps physicists understand the fundamental forces of nature and how particles interact with each other. By measuring and analyzing gauge couplings, researchers can gain insights into the underlying structure of the universe and explore the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model.